š Ethereum Prepares for Fusaka Upgrade with Final Testnet Phase
#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #Testnet #GasLimit #Blockchain #EIP7825 #PeerDAS #EthereumUpgrade #Holsky #Sepolia #Hoodi #Mainnet #Dencun #Pectra #Crypto
According to BlockBeats, Ethereum is advancing into the final testnet phase before the Fusaka upgrade, scheduled for December 3. This upgrade introduces a single transaction gas limit of approximately 16.78 million units to enhance block efficiency and prepare for parallel execution across the network. The gas limit restricts the processing capacity available to a single transaction, ensuring no transaction monopolizes an entire block, thus enabling more balanced network activity. The Fusaka upgrade has already been activated on the Holesky and Sepolia testnets.
The next phase of the Fusaka upgrade is set to deploy on the Hoodi testnet on October 28, with the mainnet launch anticipated in December 2025. Fusaka upgrade (EIP-7825) is a significant part of Ethereum's roadmap, following the Dencun upgrade in March 2024 and the Pectra upgrade on May 6, 2025. This upgrade will increase Ethereum's default block gas limit to 60 million and set the single transaction gas cap at 16.77 million (EIP-7825). Additionally, it introduces PeerDAS, a core feature of the upgrade. PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) allows Ethereum nodes to store only a small random portion of second-layer "data blocks" instead of the entire dataset. This approach maintains network security while reducing hardware requirements and enabling cheaper, higher throughput scaling for second-layer networks.#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #Testnet #GasLimit #Blockchain #EIP7825 #PeerDAS #EthereumUpgrade #Holsky #Sepolia #Hoodi #Mainnet #Dencun #Pectra #Crypto
š Ethereum's Fusaka Hard Fork Scheduled for December Launch
#Ethereum #Fusaka #hardfork #blockchain #mainnet #cryptocurrency #EthereumFoundation #testnet #PeerDAS #gaslimit #scalability #security #sustainability #ETH
According to BlockBeats, researchers from the Ethereum Foundation have officially set the date for the mainnet hard fork, codenamed 'Fusaka.' During a recent 'All Core Developers' call, it was announced that Fusaka will go live on December 3.
Developers have been targeting this date since at least mid-September. Fusaka was activated on the Hoodi testnet earlier this week, marking the final step towards its mainnet activation. Earlier this month, it was successfully deployed on the Holesky and Sepolia testnets.
The backward-compatible Fusaka hard fork will implement approximately a dozen Ethereum Improvement Proposals aimed at enhancing the sustainability, security, and scalability of the base chain and its surrounding layer-two ecosystem. Notably, Fusaka will introduce 'Peer Data Availability Sampling' (PeerDAS), a technology designed to simplify data access for validators. PeerDAS was initially planned for Ethereum's previous major upgrade in February, known as Pectra, but was delayed for further testing. Additionally, Fusaka will increase Ethereum's block gas limit from 30 million units to 150 million units, which is expected to rapidly double the data block capacity.#Ethereum #Fusaka #hardfork #blockchain #mainnet #cryptocurrency #EthereumFoundation #testnet #PeerDAS #gaslimit #scalability #security #sustainability #ETH
š Ethereum Foundation Announces Fusaka Upgrade Scheduled for December
#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #EthereumFoundation #BlobParameterOnly #PeerDAS #BlockchainUpgrade #Layer1 #Crypto #EthereumMainnet #DecemberUpgrade #ConsensusLayer #ExecutionLayer #BlobThroughput #CryptoNews #ETH
According to Foresight News, the Ethereum Foundation has announced the Fusaka network upgrade, set to activate on the Ethereum mainnet at slot 13,164,544. The upgrade is expected to occur on December 4, 2025, at 5:49:11 UTC+8. This update introduces the Blob Parameter Only (BPO) fork, designed to safely expand blob throughput following the activation of PeerDAS.
Fusaka's primary feature, PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), is anticipated to significantly enhance blob throughput. Additionally, Fusaka includes optimizations to both the execution and consensus layers, aiming to improve Layer 1 performance and enhance user experience.#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #EthereumFoundation #BlobParameterOnly #PeerDAS #BlockchainUpgrade #Layer1 #Crypto #EthereumMainnet #DecemberUpgrade #ConsensusLayer #ExecutionLayer #BlobThroughput #CryptoNews #ETH
š Ethereum's Fusaka Upgrade Highlights Sharding Technology Advancements
#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #ShardingTechnology #PeerDAS #Blockchain #ZKEVM #Layer2 #Layer1 #DataAvailability #ZeroKnowledge #VitalikButerin #EthereumUpgrade #BlockchainDesign #ETH
According to PANews, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has emphasized the significance of PeerDAS within Fusaka, describing it as a form of sharding technology. This innovation allows Ethereum to achieve block consensus without requiring individual nodes to examine extremely small portions of data. Utilizing a client-side probabilistic verification mechanism, it effectively resists 51% attacks without relying on validator voting. Sharding has been a goal for Ethereum since 2015, with data availability sampling becoming a target in 2017, which has now been achieved.
However, there are three areas within Fusaka's sharding technology that remain incomplete. Firstly, while Layer 2 networks can handle O(cĀ²) transactions (where c represents node computing power), Layer 1 networks cannot. To benefit Layer 1 scaling, mature zero-knowledge Ethereum virtual machines (ZK-EVMs) are required. Secondly, there is a proposer/builder bottleneck, as builders currently need to access all data to construct entire blocks, necessitating distributed block construction. Thirdly, there is no sharded memory pool, which is currently needed. Despite these challenges, this represents a significant advancement in blockchain design.
Over the next two years, the team plans to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, cautiously expanding its scale while ensuring stability. This will enable Layer 2 network scaling, and once ZK-EVMs mature, it will be used for Layer 1 network gas scaling.
Previously, Ethereum's mainnet successfully activated the Fusaka upgrade, significantly enhancing data processing capabilities.#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #ShardingTechnology #PeerDAS #Blockchain #ZKEVM #Layer2 #Layer1 #DataAvailability #ZeroKnowledge #VitalikButerin #EthereumUpgrade #BlockchainDesign #ETH
š Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade Sparks Significant Increase in Blob Base Fee
#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #BlobBaseFee #EIP7918 #ETHBurning #Layer2 #KZGVerification #PeerDAS #Blockchain #Crypto
According to PANews, Liquid Capital founder Yi Lihua stated on the X platform that the Ethereum Fusaka upgrade has led to a 15 million-fold increase in the blob base fee. The primary reason for this surge is the introduction of a 'minimum mechanism' for blob fees under EIP-7918. Previously, blob fees had no minimum limit and were often stuck at 1 wei, which is nearly free. This situation resulted in nodes bearing the costs of KZG verification without reasonable compensation. Following the upgrade, blob fees must be at least 1/15.258 of the L1 execution base fee, directly aligning with actual network costs.
This design ensures that prices reflect real resource consumption, preventing Layer 2 from using network resources without compensation. It also allows price fluctuations to regulate blob traffic and prevent congestion, while PeerDAS technology enhances blob storage capacity. Additionally, blob fees are now part of the ETH burning mechanism. It is estimated that this could lead to an eightfold increase in ETH burning, potentially contributing 30-50% of the total burn by 2026, depending on the growth of Layer 2 transaction volumes.#Ethereum #FusakaUpgrade #BlobBaseFee #EIP7918 #ETHBurning #Layer2 #KZGVerification #PeerDAS #Blockchain #Crypto
š Ethereum Co-Founder Highlights Progress in P2P Network Layer
#Ethereum #VitalikButerin #P2PNetwork #PeerDAS #Blockchain #Cryptoeconomics #BFTConsensus #NetworkPrivacy #EthereumFoundation #ETH
According to BlockBeats, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently expressed that he had previously criticized the Ethereum Foundation for its lack of experience in the P2P network layer, focusing more on cryptoeconomics, BFT consensus, and the blockchain layer while taking the network layer for granted.
However, Buterin noted that the situation has changed, as demonstrated by the performance of PeerDAS. He praised foundation members, including @raulvk, for their significant contributions to the successful operation of PeerDAS and the development of a roadmap for faster dissemination, stronger resistance, and enhanced network privacy. Buterin expressed anticipation for future progress.#Ethereum #VitalikButerin #P2PNetwork #PeerDAS #Blockchain #Cryptoeconomics #BFTConsensus #NetworkPrivacy #EthereumFoundation #ETH
š Vitalik Buterin Discusses Ethereum's Transition with ZK-EVM and PeerDAS
#VitalikButerin #Ethereum #ZKEVM #PeerDAS #decentralization #consensus #blockchain #BitTorrent #Bitcoin #GasLimit #distributedblockconstruction #blockverification #ETHmainnet #decentralizednetwork #cryptocurrency #blockchaininnovation #BTC
According to Odaily, Vitalik Buterin has announced that the ZK-EVM has entered the alpha stage, achieving production-level performance, with remaining efforts focused on security. Concurrently, PeerDAS has been officially launched on the Ethereum mainnet. Buterin emphasized that this is not a gradual optimization but a transformation of Ethereum into a new peer-to-peer network that combines decentralization, consensus mechanisms, and high bandwidth.
Reflecting on past technologies, Buterin noted that BitTorrent offered high bandwidth without consensus, while Bitcoin had consensus but limited bandwidth due to full replication. With the introduction of PeerDAS (data availability sampling) and ZK-EVM, Ethereum aims to achieve decentralization, consensus, and high throughput simultaneously, overcoming the trilemma through "real code running on the mainnet." PeerDAS is already operational on the mainnet, and ZK-EVM has reached production-level performance.
Buterin anticipates that starting in 2026, mechanisms like BAL and ePBS will gradually increase the Gas limit, creating opportunities to run ZK-EVM nodes. Between 2026 and 2028, there will be adjustments in Gas repricing, state structure, and execution load entering blobs. By 2027 to 2030, ZK-EVM is expected to become the primary method for network block verification, further driving Gas limit increases.
Additionally, Buterin highlighted the importance of distributed block construction, with a long-term goal to prevent blocks from being fully constructed at any single location. This aims to decentralize block construction power through both protocol-internal and external methods, reducing the risk of centralized interference and enhancing geographical fairness.#VitalikButerin #Ethereum #ZKEVM #PeerDAS #decentralization #consensus #blockchain #BitTorrent #Bitcoin #GasLimit #distributedblockconstruction #blockverification #ETHmainnet #decentralizednetwork #cryptocurrency #blockchaininnovation #BTC
š Ethereum Nears Solution to Blockchain Trilemma with Key Upgrades
#Ethereum #BlockchainTrilemma #VitalikButerin #PeerDAS #ZKEVM #Decentralization #Security #HighThroughput #GasLimit #Scalability #DataAvailability #CryptoUpgrade #BlockchainInnovation #ETH
According to Odaily, Vitalik Buterin has announced that Ethereum is close to addressing the longstanding 'blockchain trilemma' at the operational level. He highlighted two critical upgrades, PeerDAS and ZK-EVM, which are transforming Ethereum into a 'new, more powerful decentralized network.' PeerDAS was launched on the mainnet in 2025, while ZK-EVM, still undergoing security enhancements, has reached production-level performance and is expected to be used on a small scale in the network by 2026.
Buterin outlined plans for Ethereum to achieve a balance between decentralization, security, and high throughput in the coming years by increasing the gas limit, adjusting state structures, and introducing more ZK-EVM-based verification methods. He emphasized that this is not merely theoretical but is based on long-term engineering results from already running code. He also reflected on Ethereum's nearly decade-long effort to address data availability and scalability issues, noting that this vision is gradually becoming a reality.#Ethereum #BlockchainTrilemma #VitalikButerin #PeerDAS #ZKEVM #Decentralization #Security #HighThroughput #GasLimit #Scalability #DataAvailability #CryptoUpgrade #BlockchainInnovation #ETH
š Vitalik Buterin Discusses Layered Understanding of Blockchain Scalability
#VitalikButerin #BlockchainScalability #LayeredUnderstanding #ComputationScaling #DataScaling #StateScaling #ZeroKnowledgeProofs #PeerDAS #GracefulDegradation #BlockchainArchitecture #ETH
Vitalik Buterin has shared his insights on the layered understanding of blockchain scalability. According to Odaily, he categorizes the difficulty of scaling blockchain components from easiest to hardest as computation, data, and state.
Buterin explains that computation is the easiest to scale, achievable through parallelization, using 'hints' provided by block builders, or replacing extensive computation with proofs like zero-knowledge proofs. Data scaling is moderately difficult, especially when systems require data availability guarantees. However, it can be optimized through data splitting, erasure coding methods like PeerDAS, and supporting 'graceful degradation,' allowing nodes with lower data capacity to still generate blocks of corresponding size.
In contrast, state is the most challenging aspect to scale. Buterin notes that even to verify a single transaction, nodes require the complete state. Even if the state is abstracted as a tree with only the root node saved, updating this root still depends on the complete state. Although there are methods to split the state, they often necessitate significant architectural changes and are not universally applicable.
Based on these observations, Buterin concludes that if data can replace state without introducing new centralization assumptions, it should be prioritized. Similarly, if computation can replace data without new centralization assumptions, it should be seriously considered.#VitalikButerin #BlockchainScalability #LayeredUnderstanding #ComputationScaling #DataScaling #StateScaling #ZeroKnowledgeProofs #PeerDAS #GracefulDegradation #BlockchainArchitecture #ETH
š Vitalik Buterin Discusses Blockchain Trilemma Solutions
#VitalikButerin #BlockchainTrilemma #Scalability #Consensus #Decentralization #zkSNARKs #PeerDAS #Ethereum #BlockchainTechnology #Security #Stability #ETH
Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin has addressed the blockchain trilemma, describing it as a complex engineering challenge rather than an unsolvable problem. According to NS3.AI, Buterin highlighted the importance of balancing scalability, consensus, and decentralization within blockchain systems. He pointed to technologies such as zk-SNARKs and PeerDAS as promising advancements that aim to enhance Ethereum's capacity while preserving robust consensus mechanisms. Despite the integration of these solutions, Buterin noted that additional time is required to ensure their security and stability.#VitalikButerin #BlockchainTrilemma #Scalability #Consensus #Decentralization #zkSNARKs #PeerDAS #Ethereum #BlockchainTechnology #Security #Stability #ETH