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Machine Learning
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๐ฅ Free IT Cert Resources โ Grab Them While They're Hot!
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Cheat sheet for Scikit-learn: ๐ Scikit-learn is a Python library for machine learning.
๐ฅ Loading Data - downloading and preparing data.
๐งผ Preprocessing - standardization, normalization, and feature processing.
๐๏ธ Create Your Model - creating models for classification, regression, and clustering.
๐ฏ Model Fitting - training the model on data.
๐ฎ Prediction - obtaining forecasts.
๐ Evaluate Performance - assessing the quality of the model using various metrics.
๐ Cross-Validation - checking the model on different samples.
โ๏ธ Tune Your Model - optimizing parameters using Grid Search and Randomized Search.
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๐ฅ Loading Data - downloading and preparing data.
๐งผ Preprocessing - standardization, normalization, and feature processing.
๐๏ธ Create Your Model - creating models for classification, regression, and clustering.
๐ฏ Model Fitting - training the model on data.
๐ฎ Prediction - obtaining forecasts.
๐ Evaluate Performance - assessing the quality of the model using various metrics.
๐ Cross-Validation - checking the model on different samples.
โ๏ธ Tune Your Model - optimizing parameters using Grid Search and Randomized Search.
#ScikitLearn #MachineLearning #Python #DataScience #AI #MLOps
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Towards Data Science
How Far Can Classical NLP Go? From Bag-of-Words to Stacking on Spooky Author Identification | Towards Data Science
An end-to-end classical NLP experiment on Kaggleโs Spooky Author Identification task: from Vowpal Wabbit and TF-IDF/NB-SVM baselines to a tuned stacked ensemble, with a compact representation survey of Bag-of-Words, BM25, Word2Vec, and FastText for context.
๐ Looking for a portfolio-ready NLP project?
I recently published an end-to-end walkthrough on Towards Data Science using Kaggleโs Spooky Author Identification dataset.
Youโll see how far classical NLP can go with:
๐ Bag-of-Words and TF-IDF
๐ค Character n-grams
๐ Model comparison
๐งฉ Ensemble stacking
Itโs a practical project for anyone preparing for an ML/DS role, with no deep learning required. I walk through the entire workflow step by step:
๐ https://towardsdatascience.com/how-far-can-classical-nlp-go-from-bag-of-words-to-stacking-on-spooky-author-identification/
I recently published an end-to-end walkthrough on Towards Data Science using Kaggleโs Spooky Author Identification dataset.
Youโll see how far classical NLP can go with:
๐ Bag-of-Words and TF-IDF
๐ค Character n-grams
๐ Model comparison
๐งฉ Ensemble stacking
Itโs a practical project for anyone preparing for an ML/DS role, with no deep learning required. I walk through the entire workflow step by step:
๐ https://towardsdatascience.com/how-far-can-classical-nlp-go-from-bag-of-words-to-stacking-on-spooky-author-identification/
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๐ The Legendary MIT Textbook on Mathematics for Computer Science
Mathematics for Computer Science is one of the best free textbooks for developers, ML engineers, and data scientists.
It contains over 1000 pages covering discrete mathematics, logic, graphs, probability, combinatorics, recurrence relations, and other fundamental topics.
โ๏ธ Link to the textbook:
https://people.csail.mit.edu/meyer/mcs.pdf
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Mathematics for Computer Science is one of the best free textbooks for developers, ML engineers, and data scientists.
It contains over 1000 pages covering discrete mathematics, logic, graphs, probability, combinatorics, recurrence relations, and other fundamental topics.
โ๏ธ Link to the textbook:
https://people.csail.mit.edu/meyer/mcs.pdf
#ComputerScience #Mathematics #MachineLearning #DataScience #MIT #OpenSource
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โค6
Combining Plots in Matplotlib ๐
In Matplotlib, you can easily combine multiple plots in a single window using the subplot() function. Simply create the necessary plots, specify their layout, add titles, and you'll get a clear visualization for easy data comparison.
#Matplotlib #DataVisualization #Python #DataScience #Coding #Plotting
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In Matplotlib, you can easily combine multiple plots in a single window using the subplot() function. Simply create the necessary plots, specify their layout, add titles, and you'll get a clear visualization for easy data comparison.
#Matplotlib #DataVisualization #Python #DataScience #Coding #Plotting
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Forwarded from Machine Learning with Python
Reinforcement Learning Methods and Tutorials ๐ง ๐
In these tutorials for reinforcement learning, it covers from the basic RL algorithms to advanced algorithms developed recent years.
Learning Resources: https://github.com/MorvanZhou/Reinforcement-learning-with-tensorflow ๐
Here's a collection of simple materials on methods and practical guides, covering both basic reinforcement learning algorithms and modern, recently developed, and updated advanced algorithms. ๐โจ
#ReinforcementLearning #MachineLearning #AI #DeepLearning #TechTutorials #DataScience
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In these tutorials for reinforcement learning, it covers from the basic RL algorithms to advanced algorithms developed recent years.
Learning Resources: https://github.com/MorvanZhou/Reinforcement-learning-with-tensorflow ๐
Here's a collection of simple materials on methods and practical guides, covering both basic reinforcement learning algorithms and modern, recently developed, and updated advanced algorithms. ๐โจ
#ReinforcementLearning #MachineLearning #AI #DeepLearning #TechTutorials #DataScience
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โค5
Feature Scaling: Why Feature Scaling Affects Model Training
Feature scaling is often overlooked because it seems like just another data preprocessing step. However, in practice, it often helps models train faster and more stably. Imagine one feature has values ranging from 0 to 1, while another has values ranging from 0 to 10,000. Although both features may be equally important for prediction, it's more difficult for the optimizer to work with such data.
This means it has to take more steps to find a good solution. Additionally, regularization becomes less effective because features with different scales require coefficients of different magnitudes. Let's look at how this looks in a simple example.
Install dependencies:
Import libraries:
Let's create a small synthetic dataset. It will have two features: the first has a normal scale, and the second is about a thousand times larger.
Importantly, both features actually influence the target variable. That is, the only difference between them is the scale.
Now, let's split the data into training and testing sets. We won't scale anything yetโfirst, let's see how the model behaves on the original data.
Let's train a logistic regression model without scaling.
In addition to the model's quality, let's also look at the number of iterations (
Now, let's scale the features to the same scale using
It calculates the mean and standard deviation only for the training set and then uses the same values for the test set. This is important because the model should not "peek" at the test data during training.
After this transformation, both features are approximately on the same scale, and it becomes easier for the optimizer to work with them.
Now, let's retrain the model.
We're using the same model, the same data, and the same parameters. The only difference is that the features are now scaled.
Most often, the ROC-AUC doesn't change much. However, the number of iterations becomes smaller. This means that the optimizer found a solution faster, and the training was more stable.
๐ฅ
โจ #DataScience #MachineLearning #Python #Coding #Tech #AI
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Feature scaling is often overlooked because it seems like just another data preprocessing step. However, in practice, it often helps models train faster and more stably. Imagine one feature has values ranging from 0 to 1, while another has values ranging from 0 to 10,000. Although both features may be equally important for prediction, it's more difficult for the optimizer to work with such data.
This means it has to take more steps to find a good solution. Additionally, regularization becomes less effective because features with different scales require coefficients of different magnitudes. Let's look at how this looks in a simple example.
Install dependencies:
pip install numpy scikit-learn
Import libraries:
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.metrics import roc_auc_score
Let's create a small synthetic dataset. It will have two features: the first has a normal scale, and the second is about a thousand times larger.
Importantly, both features actually influence the target variable. That is, the only difference between them is the scale.
np.random.seed(42)
x_small = np.random.normal(0, 1, 300)
x_large = np.random.normal(0, 1000, 300)
X = np.vstack([x_small, x_large]).T
y = (x_small + 0.001 * x_large > 0).astype(int)
Now, let's split the data into training and testing sets. We won't scale anything yetโfirst, let's see how the model behaves on the original data.
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
X, y,
test_size=0.3,
random_state=42,
stratify=y
)
Let's train a logistic regression model without scaling.
In addition to the model's quality, let's also look at the number of iterations (
n_iter_). This metric shows how much work the optimizer had to do to find the coefficients.model = LogisticRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
pred = model.predict_proba(X_test)[:, 1]
print("ROC-AUC:", roc_auc_score(y_test, pred))
print("Iterations:", model.n_iter_)
Now, let's scale the features to the same scale using
StandardScaler.It calculates the mean and standard deviation only for the training set and then uses the same values for the test set. This is important because the model should not "peek" at the test data during training.
After this transformation, both features are approximately on the same scale, and it becomes easier for the optimizer to work with them.
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_scaled = scaler.transform(X_test)
Now, let's retrain the model.
We're using the same model, the same data, and the same parameters. The only difference is that the features are now scaled.
model = LogisticRegression()
model.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
pred = model.predict_proba(X_test_scaled)[:, 1]
print("ROC-AUC (scaled):", roc_auc_score(y_test, pred))
print("Iterations (scaled):", model.n_iter_)
Most often, the ROC-AUC doesn't change much. However, the number of iterations becomes smaller. This means that the optimizer found a solution faster, and the training was more stable.
๐ฅ
Feature scaling is a simple data preprocessing step that, in many cases, allows the model to train faster and more stably. For logistic regression, SVMs, neural networks, and other algorithms that use numerical optimization, it's best not to skip it.โจ #DataScience #MachineLearning #Python #Coding #Tech #AI
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